Maximizing Mining Efficiency on New Generation Hardware With LuxOS

As Bitcoin mining hardware continues to evolve, efficiency remains a critical factor for miners looking to maximize profitability. The S21 Pro and S21 XP from Bitmain are among the most efficient miners available, but with Luxor’s custom firmware — LuxOS — these machines can achieve even greater efficiency.

Below are two tables outlining nameplate performance specifications for the S21 Pro and S21 XP. Following these, we’ve included performance results when running on LuxOS with our Autotuner feature enabled, and a comparison of efficiency measured in Joules per Terahash (J/TH). Autotuner optimizes efficiency by identifying the lowest voltage needed to sustain a desired frequency (i.e., hashrate).

By default, LuxOS offers 24 profiles to choose from, including the ability to create additional custom profiles tailored to your specific needs. Both tables below showcase nine different profiles, spanning from steps -6 to +2. We’ve highlighted these nine profiles as a ‘safe zone’ — a recommended range for conducting your operations. However, if you decide to venture beyond this safe zone, please exercise caution and remain attentive to your equipment and testing conditions.

Note: LuxOS users are free to overclock beyond +2 or underclock below -6 if desired. Individual performance outcomes may differ from results shown based on factors like hardware condition, ambient temperature, and fluctuating weather conditions.

S21 Pro

The S21 Pro’s nameplate performance boasts a hashrate of 234 TH/s, consuming 3510W at an efficiency of 15.10 J/TH. However, Luxor’s firmware optimizations provide a range of operating modes that can significantly improve efficiency.

• Underclocking for Maximum Efficiency: At 496MHz (-4 step), the miner operates at 199.8 TH/s while consuming 2525W, achieving an impressive efficiency of 12.6 J/TH—a 18.67% efficiency gain compared to stock settings.
• Balanced Performance: The default setting with Autotuner enabled delivers 230.0 TH/s at 3293W, with an efficiency of 13.8 J/TH, improving efficiency by 8.85% over the nameplate stock setting.
• Overclocking for Maximum Hashrate: At 646MHz (+2 step), the miner reaches 260.1 TH/s at 3613W, with an efficiency of 13.9 J/TH, showing that even overclocking maintains competitive efficiency with modest trade-offs. 

S21 XP Efficiency Gains

The S21 XP offers an even more powerful nameplate specification, with 270 TH/s at 3645W, achieving a baseline efficiency of 13.5 J/TH. Luxor firmware fine-tunes the miner’s performance for greater efficiency.

• Peak Efficiency Mode: At 390MHz (-4 step), the miner runs at 217.2 TH/s while consuming 2541W, achieving an efficiency of 11.7 J/TH, which is a 15.41% improvement over stock settings.
• Balanced Optimization: The default setting with Autotuner enabled delivers 274.1 TH/s at 3333W, with an efficiency of 12.2 J/TH, representing an 11.01% improvement compared to the stock miner.
• Maximum Performance Mode: At 540MHz (+2 step), the miner pushes 299.8 TH/s at 3799W, with an efficiency of 12.7 J/TH, a slight reduction in efficiency but a significant boost in hashrate.

Other Popular ASIC Results

LuxOS significantly boosts efficiency for Bitmain’s S19 series ASICs as well. This table below demonstrates the default profile of a number of 19 Series on Bitmain stock firmware versus with LuxOS Autotuner enabled.

S19 95 T (Vanilla) achieves a 21.58% efficiency gain, dropping from 34.2 W/TH to 28.1 W/TH; the S19 J Pro improves by 15.11%, from 29.5 W/TH to 25.6 W/TH; the S19 XP sees a 13.57% gain, reducing from 22.6 W/TH to 19.9 W/TH; and the S19 Pro gains 7.10%, improving from 29.5 W/TH to 27.5 W/TH.

Highlighting some other 21 Series Luxor’s LuxOS firmware enhances efficiency for Bitmain’s 21 series. The S21 Pro and S21XP we have already covered. However, the S21 188T (Vanilla) improves by 7.51%, from 18.6 W/TH to 17.3 W/TH; and the T21 achieves a 3.19% gain, lowering from 19.0 W/TH to 18.4 W/TH.

These optimizations, powered by LuxOS’ Autotuner, deliver significant power savings while maintaining strong hashrate output for modern mining operations.

Below is a list of all ASIC's that are currently compatible with LuxOS (as of February 2025). Check out our compatibility guide here to see if we support your model.

Conclusion

Luxor’s firmware enables miners to customize their hardware for optimal efficiency or maximum performance. For miners prioritizing energy savings and lower operating costs, underclocking offers substantial efficiency gains of up to 18.67% on the S21 Pro and 15.41% on the S21 XP. Meanwhile, overclocking profiles provide increased hashrate while maintaining a competitive efficiency balance.

If you are interested in learning more about deploying LuxOS on your fleet or would like to see more details on results for a different ASIC model, please feel free to reach out to our team. 

You can contact me directly at [email protected] or on telegram @JamieGill. 

Happy hashing and looking forward to working with you!